North Dakota
Petroleum and natural gas systems (including refineries) and chemical production account for more than 70 percent of emissions from large industrial facilities in North Dakota. Mineral and ethanol production are also significant sources of emissions. Oil and gas production is concentrated in western North Dakota.

- The top 20 emitters are shown on this map, coded by industrial sector. The size of the circles corresponds to emissions: the larger the circle, the higher the emissions.
- Disadvantaged communities (as determined by the federal government) are shaded blue.

- The inner circle provides a visual representation of the share of emissions generated by each industrial sector.
- The outer circle also indicates the share of a sector’s emissions generated in disadvantaged communities.
STATE ENERGY POLICY:
Examining a state’s broader energy policy landscape is helpful when considering policies to support industrial innovation. North Dakota does not currently have any greenhouse gas reduction targets, and its renewable and recycled energy objective set in 2007 has expired. While these formal commitments are not prerequisites for innovative industrial policy, they can provide a supportive framework.
Streamlining permitting and establishing an efficient, transparent appeals process that engages local communities early, while providing clarity and assurances to project developers, are also key components of effective state energy policy. Discussing innovative industrial policy presents an opportunity for broader conversations about state energy policy, ensuring a mutually reinforcing strategy.
LEGISLATIVE context & opportunity:
The context below is not exhaustive and serves as an example of recent policies and programs, highlighting potential future opportunities. Please let us know if you are aware of additional efforts advancing industrial innovation in North Dakota that we should highlight.
- Class VI Primacy was granted to North Dakota by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), shifting the regulatory body for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) from federal to state. States with Class VI primacy will have the authority to manage CCS projects and streamline permitting, providing additional clarity for developers and investors. Class VI primacy may increase the opportunities and pace at which North Dakota can deploy carbon capture as a technology to reduce industrial emissions.
- Heartland Hydrogen Hub (HH2H) includes North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Wisconsin, and Colorado. Independent of the outcome of the federal funding that initially supported the regional hubs, there is interest in building a clean hydrogen economy.
- A factsheet by the Regional Carbon Capture Deployment Initiative describes how carbon capture can reduce industrial emissions in North Dakota, including economically feasible subsectors and facilities that qualify for the federal 45Q text credit.
Explore recent legislation in North Dakota and all 50 states by clicking on a specific year: 2025 legislation, 2024 legislation, 2023 legislation.
